DiffuCarb™ E204c 铂黑(高比表面)-碳纸电极(MGL370，AEMFC)是一种用于碱性燃料电池（AFC）和阴离子交换膜燃料电池（AEMFC）的高效电极。同时，该电极可用于AEMWE碱性电解水阴极。它结合了高电催化活性的铂黑（Pt black）、高导电性的碳纸基材，并使用了MGL370碳纸基材，且未经过PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）处理。这种电极设计旨在提高燃料电池的整体性能、耐久性和成本效益。以下是这种电极在AFC和AEMFC中的详细介绍。

1. 材料组成与结构

• 铂黑（Pt black）:

  • 铂黑是一种高比表面、高活性的铂催化剂，其颗粒极其微小（纳米级），大大增加了暴露在反应环境中的活性表面积。铂黑的高比表面积使其能够提供更多的催化位点来促进氧气还原反应（ORR）和氢气氧化反应（HOR），从而提升燃料电池的功率密度和效率。
  • 铂黑的多孔结构能够提高电极的反应效率，通过增大电极的接触面使反应物更容易扩散到催化位点。

• 高比表面碳支持材料:

  • 铂黑通常分散在高比表面碳材料（如碳黑或碳纳米管）上，以防止铂颗粒团聚并提高电极的整体导电性。高比表面碳材料还帮助稳定铂颗粒并延长电极的使用寿命。

• MGL370碳纸基材:

  • MGL370是一种具有高导电性和机械强度的碳纸基材。MGL370具有高孔隙率和透气性，使其更适合在燃料电池电极中应用。MGL370的微孔结构优化了气体扩散，确保氧气和氢气能够有效到达催化剂层。
  • MGL370碳纸的厚度和孔隙结构提供了有效的气体扩散路径，同时还能支持催化剂层的附着和分布。

• 无PTFE处理:

  • 采用无PTFE处理的碳纸基材可以保留更高的导电性，因为PTFE是一种绝缘材料。未涂覆PTFE意味着碳纸表面完全由导电碳纤维构成，有助于电子更高效地传导。
  • 没有PTFE处理的表面也允许更自由的气体和液体传输，适合在实验室或湿度受控的环境下操作。然而，这种配置在实际应用中可能需要更严格的水管理以防止积水和电极堵塞。

2. 电极性能

• 高催化活性: 铂黑的高比表面积极大地增加了电极的活性位点，使其对ORR和HOR具有高催化效率。这种高活性有助于降低电极的启动电压，提高燃料电池的功率输出。

• 优良的导电性: MGL370碳纸基材提供了良好的导电路径，有助于减少电池的内部电阻。碳纸的纤维结构确保了电子能够有效地在电极和外部电路之间传递。

• 气体扩散和水管理: 高孔隙率的MGL370碳纸允许气体迅速扩散到催化剂层，同时促进反应生成的水分离。无PTFE处理的碳纸在保持湿润时可以更有效地管理气体和液体的传输，但可能需要严格的环境控制以避免过度积水。

3. 应用场景

• 碱性燃料电池 (AFC):

  • 在AFC中，铂黑/碳纸电极用作阳极（氢气氧化反应）或阴极（氧气还原反应）材料。AFC的碱性环境允许使用较少的铂，并且其操作温度较低，使铂黑电极在AFC中非常有效。
  • 铂黑电极的高催化活性可以提高氢气氧化和氧气还原的反应速率，从而提高AFC的整体效率。

• 阴离子交换膜燃料电池 (AEMFC):

  • 在AEMFC中，铂黑/碳纸电极通常作为阴极使用，以催化氧气还原反应。这些电极与阴离子交换膜（如PPO基膜）配合使用，可有效传导OH⁻离子，同时提供低电阻和高效率。
  • AEMFC由于可以使用碱性电解质，因此对催化剂材料的选择更加灵活，铂黑电极能够提供高性能的氧还原反应支持。

4. 优势与挑战

• 优势:

  • 高活性和效率: 铂黑的高比表面积提供了更多的活性位点，使得ORR和HOR反应的效率更高。
  • 高导电性和机械稳定性: MGL370碳纸确保了电极的导电性和机械强度，支持长期稳定运行。
  • 良好的气体和水管理能力: 高孔隙率结构使MGL370碳纸能够有效处理气体扩散和水生成问题。

• 挑战:

  • 铂的高成本: 铂的高成本和稀有性限制了其大规模商业化应用。因此，降低铂负载量或开发替代催化剂是燃料电池技术研究的关键方向。
  • 无PTFE处理带来的水管理问题: 无PTFE处理的电极在高湿度条件下可能容易积水，这会阻塞气体传输通道，影响电池性能。需要在设计中考虑额外的水管理策略。
  • 耐久性问题: 长时间运行过程中，铂颗粒可能会发生溶解或团聚，导致催化活性下降。开发更稳定的催化剂结构和碳支持材料是提高耐久性的研究重点。

5. 研究方向

• 优化铂负载: 通过优化铂黑的负载量和分布，可以最大化催化剂的利用效率，从而在保持高性能的同时降低成本。
• 替代催化剂开发: 研究非贵金属催化剂（如Ni、Co、Fe基材料）或铂合金催化剂，以降低对铂的依赖。
• 改进电极结构: 通过纳米结构化技术或采用多层复合材料，优化电极的孔隙结构和表面特性，提高气体扩散效率和水管理能力。

结论

DiffuCarb™ E204c 铂黑(高比表面)-碳纸电极(MGL370，AEMFC)在碱性燃料电池和阴离子交换膜燃料电池中显示出极高的性能潜力。其高催化活性、优良的导电性以及良好的气体扩散能力使其成为先进燃料电池系统的理想选择。然而，为了实现广泛的商业化应用，还需进一步优化电极材料和结构，提高电极的耐久性和经济性。

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Partial references citing our materials (from Google Scholar)

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二氧化碳还原

1. ACS Nano Strain Relaxation in Metal Alloy Catalysts Steers the Product Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM) in this paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, which was used in rechargeable Zn-CO₂ battery tests. The authors reported a strain relaxation strategy to determine lattice strains in bimetal MNi alloys (M = Pd, Ag, and Au) and realized an outstanding CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.6% with outstanding activity and durability toward a Zn-CO₂ battery.

2. Front. Chem. Boosting Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Atomically Dispersed Nickel Catalyst

In this paper, Vulcan XC-72R was purchased from SCI Materials Hub. Vulcan XC 72R carbon is the most common catalyst support used in the anode and cathode electrodes of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and many more!

3. Adv. Mater. Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy-Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential

An AEM membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT), purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

4. Adv. Funct. Mater. Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High-Current-Density CO₂ Electroreduction

In this paper (Supporting Information), an anion exchanged membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130 obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn)) was used to separate the catholyte and anolyte chambers.

SCI Materials Hub: we also recommend our Fumasep FAB-PK-75 for the use in a flow cell.

5. Appl. Catal. B Efficient utilization of nickel single atoms for CO₂ electroreduction by constructing 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon tube network

In this paper, the Nafion 117 membrane was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Vacuum Modulable Cu(0)/Cu(I)/Cu(II) sites of Cu/C catalysts derived from MOF for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons

In this paper, Proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117), Nafion D520, and Toray 060 carbon paper were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

An anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A15-HCO3) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Catalysis Communications Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O

Carbon paper (TGPH060), membrane solution (Nafion D520), and ionic membrane (Nafion N117) were obtained from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd.

Note: Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co. is a company hold by SCI Materials Hub.

9. Advanced Energy Materials Interatomic Electronegativity Offset Dictates Selectivity When Catalyzing the CO2 Reduction Reaction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM), carbon paper (SIGRACET 29BC, Freudenberg paper H23C2), ion exchange membrane (Nafion N117), and anion exchange membrane (Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130) were all obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

10. Separation and Purification Technology *CO spillover induced by bimetallic xZnO@yCuO active centers for enhancing C–C coupling over electrochemical CO2 reduction

5 % Nafion solution was obtained through SCI Materials Hub.

11. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

In this paper, PiperION-A5-HCO3 anion exchange resin, Fumion FAA anion exchange resin, PiperION-A15-HCO3 and FAA-3-50 were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

12. Vacuum Controllable dual Cu–Cu2O sites derived from CuxAl-LDH for CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons

Nafion and carbon paper (TGPH060) were supplied through SCI Materials Hub.

13. Chemical Engineering Journal Coupling electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with glucose oxidation for concurrent production of formate with high efficiency

An AEM membrane (PiperION, purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

14. Chem Identification of Cu⁰/Cu⁺/Cu⁰ interface as superior active sites for CO₂ electroreduction to C2+ in neutral condition

In this paper, Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT membrane and the MEA electrolyzer (CRRMEA1a, Figure S34) with 1cm² active area were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

微信公众号中文报道：Chem：基于热力学驱动的混合策略形成Cu0/Cu+/Cu0界面用于中性条件CO2电还原C2+

15. Surfaces and Interfaces Modulating surface microenvironment based on Ag-adorned CuO flower-liked nanospheres for strengthening C-‍C coupling during CO2RR

5 wt.% of Nafion solution, and N115 proton exchange membrane were procured with the help of SCI Materials Hub

16. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. Nanoporous Bismuth Induced by Surfactant-Modified Dealloying for Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid

The anion exchange membrane (AEM, PiperION A20) and cation exchange membrane (CEM, Nafion 117) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

17. Adv. Energy Mater. Tailoring Microenvironments and In Situ Transformations of Cu Catalysts for Selective and Stable Electrosynthesis of Multicarbon Products

For GDE-based CO₂ electrolysis, the MEA reactor (CRRMEA5a, Sci-Materials Hub) consists of a titanium anode plate and a cathode plate with flow fields, along with insulating gaskets, integrated into a compression cell. The geometric area of each flow field is 5 cm² An anion exchange membrane (PiperION, A40-HCO3, Versogen) was used to separate the anode and the cathode.

18. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Evaluation of electromethanogenesis in a microbial electrolysis cell using nylon cloth as a separator: reactor performance and metagenomic analysis

A commercial Nafion PEM (SCI Materials Hub) was used as the control to compare the electromethanogenesis performance.

19. Angew pH-Universal Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Ampere-level Current Density on Doping-engineered Bismuth Sulfide

CRRMEA1a 1cm2 MEA electrolyzer (Figure 4d) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

微信公众号中文报道：安徽师范大学最新Angew！全pH范围内铋基催化剂用于安培级电流密度电催化CO2还原

20. Separation and Purification Technology Coupling regulation of boron doping and morphology in nano-floral CuO using one pot method for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

Carbon paper (TGPH060), Dupont Nafion solution (D520), and proton exchange membrane (N117) were acquired by SCI Materials Hub.

21. Chemical Engineering Journal Manipulating dual effects of morphology and oxygen vacancies through the incorporation of CuO onto CeO2 nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction

Carbon paper (TGPH060), Dupont Nafion solution (D520), and proton exchange membrane (N117) were acquired by SCI Materials Station Hub (SCI Materials Hub, the same author as Ref. 20).

22. Advanced Materials Universal Formation of Single Atoms from Molten Salt for Facilitating Selective CO2 Reduction

The Nafion D520 dispersion and gas diffusion electrode (GDE, Sigracet, 39BB) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn).

23. Science Bulletin Compressive strain in Cu catalysts: Enhancing generation of C2+ products in electrochemical CO2 reduction

CRRMEA1a 1cm2 MEA electrolyzer (Figure 3a) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

微信公众号中文报道：Science Bulletin：优化水覆盖度促进安培级电流密度下CO2还原C2+

24. Processes Investigation of a Hydrophobic Sputtered Cu Electrode to Electrocatalyze CO2 Towards a C2+ Product: The Effect of Substrate and Catalyst Thickness

Carbon paper (SGL CARBON, SGL36BB, purchased from SCI Materials Hub)

25. Chemical Engineering Journal In-situ reconstruction of active bismuth for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to formate

Anion-exchange membrane (Fumasep FAA-3–50) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

26. Nature Communications Bromide-mediated membraneless electrosynthesis of ethylene carbonate from CO2 and ethylene

Nafion D520 polymer binder solution (5 wt%) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

27. Ionics Sulfur-modified promoting the electrochemical CO2 reduction into formate performance of BiOI

Carbon black (Vulcan XC- 72, Cabot), teflon-treated carbon paper (TGP-H- 060, Toray), and proton exchange membrane (Nafion- 117) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

28. Nature Communications Continuous decoupled redox electrochemical CO2 capture

The anion exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-75) with a thickness of 75 ± 5 μm was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

电池

1. J. Mater. Chem. A Blocking polysulfides with a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode via physiochemical confinement and catalytic conversion for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Graphene oxide (GO) in this paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The authors introduced a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode consisting of 1D Fe3C decorated N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/N-CNFs) side and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) side as the free-standing carrier of Li2S6 catholyte to improve the overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

2. Joule A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

This paper used more than 10 kinds of materials from SCI Materials Hub and the authors gave detailed properity comparsion.

The commercial IEMs of Fumasep FAB-PK-130 and Nafion N117 were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Gas diffusion layers of GDL340 (CeTech) and SGL39BC (Sigracet) and Nafion dispersion (Nafion D520) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Zn foil (100 mm thickness) and Zn powder were obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

Commercial 20% Pt/C, 40% Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts were also obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Energy Chemistry Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In this paper, carbon cloth (W0S1011) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The flexible carbon cloth matrix guaranteed the stabilization of the electrode and improved the conductivity of the cathode.

4. Energy Storage Materials Defect-abundant commercializable 3D carbon papers for fabricating composite Li anode with high loading and long life

The 3D carbon paper (TGPH060 raw paper) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

5. Nanomaterials A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts

Nafion D520 (5 wt%), and carbon paper (GDL340) were received from SCI-Materials-Hub.

6. SSRN An Axially Directed Cobalt-Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Polymer as High-Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Battery

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) and other electrochemical consumables required for air cathode were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

7. SSRN Cr-induced improvement of structural stability of δ-MnO2 optimizes cycling stability of aqueous Zn-ion batteries

The Zn sheet (99.99%) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Nature Communications Atomic-scale regulation of anionic and cationic migration in alkali metal batteries

The lithium metal disk (purity: 99.9%, diameter: 16 mm, thickness: 0.6 mm) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

9. Chemical Engineering Journal Zinc-based energy storage with functionalized carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposite cathodes

CNTs were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

10. ACS Nano Interfacial Chemistry Modulation via Amphoteric Glycine for a Highly Reversible Zinc Anode

Zn foil (>99.99%, 100 μm) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

11. ACS Nano High-Energy and Long-Lived Zn–MnO2 Battery Enabled by a Hydrophobic-Ion-Conducting Membrane

Zn foil (99.9%), carbon paper, and carbon felt were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

12. Nature Communications Unravelling rechargeable zinc-copper batteries by a chloride shuttle in a biphasic electrolyte

Carbon cloth (CeTech W0S1011), PP membrane (Celgard 2300), Glass fiber (Whatman GF/A), anion exchange membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130), and cation exchange membrane (Nafion N-117) were purchased from sci materials hub.

13. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE A dendrite-free and corrosion-suppressive metallic Zn anode regulated by the hybrid aqueous/organic electrolyte

Zn foil (99.9%, 100 μm thickness) was obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

14. Journal of Alloys and Compounds Cr-induced enhancement of structural stability in δ-MnO2 for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

The Zn sheet (99.99%) and Whatman GF/D paper were available for purchase on on the SCI Materials Hub.

15. Small Multifunctional Umbrella: In Situ Interface Film Forming on the High-Voltage LiCoO2 Cathode by a Tiny Amount of Nanoporous Polymer Additives for High-Energy-Density Li-Ion Batteries

Carbon coating aluminum foils with a thickness of 16 µm were acquired from SCI Materials Hub.

16. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Investigation into electrochemical catalytic properties and electronic structure of Mn doped SrCoO3 perovskite catalysts

KB-EC600JD superconducting carbon black was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

17. Journal of Alloys and Compounds Inhibiting polysulfide shuttle and enhancing polysulfide redox: Conductive 2D metal-organic framework coated separators for lithium-sulfur batteries

Ketjen black was obtained from SCI Materials Hub

18. Chemical Engineering Journal Regulating N-doped biochar with Fe-Mo heterojunctions as cathode in long-life zinc-air battery

Conductive carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub (Wuhu, Anhui).

19. Nature Portfolio Fast-kinetics and high-compatibility aqueous cadmium-metal battery for next-generation energy storage infrastructures (Under review.)

Cd foil (99.9%), Zn foil (99.9%) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) aqueous dispersion solution were obtained from the supplier of SCI Materials Hub.

All cells were assembled using two-electrode Swagelok-type configurations, supported by SCI Materials Hub.

20. Polymer A biodegradable gel polymer membrane derived from poly-gamma-glutamic acid for high-rate and long-lifespan sodium metal batteries

Celgard 2400 separator (polypropylene (PP), 25 μm) was sourced from SCI Materials Hub.

21. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3D Graphene Nanoflake/Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube/CoAl Layered Double Oxide Composites for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Carbon-coated aluminum foil was procured from SCI Materials Hub.

22. Chemistry A European Jouranl Regulating the Interfacial Charge Density by Constructing a Novel Zn Anode-Electrolyte Interface for Highly Reversible Zn Anode

Ketjenblack (KB) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub

23. Advanced Functional Materials A Biphasic Membraneless Zinc-Iodine Battery with High Volumetric Capacity

Graphite felt (GF, G650A) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

电解水

1. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Gold as an efficient hydrogen isotope separation catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The cathodic catalysts of Pt/C (20 wt%, 2–3 nm) and Au/C (20 wt%, 4–5 nm) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Small Science Silver Compositing Boosts Water Electrolysis Activity and Durability of RuO2 in a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Two fiber felts (0.35 mm thickness, SCI Materials Hub) were used as the porous transport layers at both the cathode and the anode.

3. Advanced Functional Materials Hierarchical Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructure MoNi/NiMoOx for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Industry-Level Activity and Stability

Anion-exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

4. Chemical Engineering Journal Electronic configuration of single ruthenium atom immobilized in urchin-like tungsten trioxide towards hydrazine oxidation-assisted hydrogen evolution under wide pH media

The non-reinforced anion exchange membrane (AEM) of the coupled system was obtained from SCI Materials Hub (Fumasep FAA-3-50).

5. Cell Reports Physical Science Non-layered dysprosium oxysulfide as an electron-withdrawing chainmail for promoting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Nickel foam (NF) was offered by SCI Materials Hub (Wuhu, China), and was ultrasonicated in HCl solution, ethanol, and acetone in proper order before being used in electrochemical measurements.

6. Materials Today Catalysis Valence engineering via double exchange interaction in spinel oxides for enhanced oxygen evolution catalysis

Commercial Cu foam was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. Advanced Functional Materials Elucidating the Critical Role of Ruthenium Single Atom Sites in Water Dissociation and Dehydrogenation Behaviors for Robust Hydrazine Oxidation-Boosted Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

The nonreinforced anion exchange membrane (AEM) of the HzOR-assisted OWS system was purchased from SCI Materials Hub (Fumasep FAA-3-50).

8. ACS Omega Boosting Hydrogen Evolution through the Interface Effects of Amorphous NiMoO4–MoO2 and Crystalline Cu

Pt/C (20 wt %) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

9. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science The Dual Active Sites Reconstruction on Gelatin In-Situ Derived 3d Porous N-Doped Carbon for Efficient and Stable Water Splitting

Nafion D521 was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

10. Molecules Interfacial Interaction in NiFe LDH/NiS2/VS2 for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

Carbon cloth (SCI Materials Hub) were employed as substrates for the in-situ formation of VS2 and NiS2/VS2 on its surface via hydrothermal synthesis.

11. Chemical Engineering Journal Mapping hydrogen evolution activity trends of V-based A15 superconducting alloys

Carbon fiber paper (GDS250) was obtained from the SCI materials Hub.

12. Advanced Science A Dual-Cation Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer for Continuous H2 Production from Seawater

The CEMs include GORE-SELECT Gore M788.12 (W. L. Gore & Associates, America) and FUMA Fumasep FKB-PK-130 (FuMa Tech., Co., Ltd., Germany) were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

13. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. Electrolysis of Tertiary Water Effluents - a Pathway to Green Hydrogen

The PEM electrolyzer stack PSC2000 was purchased from the SCI Materials Hub with a maximum hydrogen production capability of 2000 mL/min. The stack had 8 electrolysis cells with a maximum recommended operation current of 36 A and a voltage of 24 V. Its membrane electrode assembly had an effective area of 56 cm2 per layer and a catalyst loading of 4.0 mg/cm2 on Nafion 117 for Ir black as anode and Pt/C as cathode, respectively. The catalysts were deposited on the Nafion membrane to form a catalyst-coated membrane. Titanium bipolar plates were used to construct the electrolyzer. Water is supplied to the anode side of the electrolyzer stack during operation.

14. Adv. Energy Mater. High-Efficiency Iridium-Yttrium Alloy Catalyst for Acidic Water Electrolysis

Carbon paper (Toray TGP-H-060) was purchased from the SCI Materials Hub.

15. Journal of Alloys and Compounds Amorphous/Crystalline Nife Ldh Hierarchical Nanostructure for Large-Current-Density Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

The commercial NiFe foam (NFF) was offered by SCI Materials Hub.

16. Nanoscale Modulating the electronic structure of VS2 via Ru decoration for efficient pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

W0S1009 Carbon cloth (CC, SCI Materials Hub) were employed as substrate for the in-situ formation of Ru-VS2 and VS2 on its surface via hydrothermal synthesis.

17. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science The dual active sites reconstruction on gelatin in-situ derived 3D porous N-doped carbon for efficient and stable overall water splitting

Nafion D521 was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

18. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids AgCo bimetallic cocatalyst modified g-C3N4 for improving photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Nafion D520 dispersion (5 wt%) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

19. Separation and Purification Technology NiP2 as an efficient non-noble metal cathode catalyst for enhanced hydrogen isotope separation in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Ni supported on Vulcan XC-72, obtained from SCI materials Hub.

20. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. Rapid Electrical-Field-Enhanced Corrosion Endows Ni3Fe/NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets with High-Rate Oxygen Evolution Activity

The Ni3Fe substrate obtained directly from a commercial NiFe foam (nominal Ni 70% at. % + Fe 30 at. %, thickness: 2 mm, porosity: 100 PPI, SCI Materials Hub) was cleaned with acetone, ultrapure water, and ethanol successively and was dried with compressed air.

21. eScience Porous PVA skin-covered thin Zirfon-type separator as a new approach boosting high-rate alkaline water electrolysis beyond 1000 hours’ lifespan

The proposed thin V-Zirfon separator samples were evaluated at first by water electrolysis at 60 °C using a two-compartment zero-gap electrolyzer (LSCF Alkaline Water Electrolyzer stack [1 cell], purchased from SCI Materials Hub).

22. ACS Materials Lett. Promoting Nonacid Hydrogen Evolution over Ni4Mo/Cu by D-Band Regulation

Commercial Pt/C (20%) from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd.

Note: Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co. is a company hold by SCI Materials Hub.

23. Molecules Interfacial Interaction in NiFe LDH/NiS2/VS2 for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

Carbon cloth (CC, SCI Materials Hub) were employed as substrates for the in-situ formation of VS2 and NiS2/VS2 on its surface via hydrothermal synthesis.

24. Nat. Commun. Flexible tungsten disulfide superstructure engineering for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution in anion exchange membrane water electrolysers

Commercial IrO2, Pt/C (40 wt%), anion exchange membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade 60) and carbon fiber cloth (CFC) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

25. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Enhancing performance of anion exchange membrane electrolyzer through modification of carbon paper liquid-gas diffusion layer

The anode is made of Ni–Fe foam (60% Fe + 40% Ni, SCI Materials Hub, China), while the cathode is made of carbon paper electrode. AEM employed is the highly stable PiperION™-A40-HCO3 (with a thickness of 40 μm).

26. Nature Communications Rationally designed Ru catalysts supported on TiN for highly efficient and stable hydrogen evolution in alkaline conditions

Fumasep FAAM-20 anion exchange membrane was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

27. Nature Communications Redox-mediated decoupled seawater direct splitting for H2 production

Nickel foam (Ni Foam, aperture: 110 ppi, area density: 380 ± 20 g cm−2), platinum carbon (Pt/C, 20 wt%), anion exchange membranes (FAA-3-PK-75), graphite felt (thickness: ~2 mm), and commercial alkaline water electrolyzers were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

28. ACS Applied Materials & Interface Promoting Reaction Kinetics of the Air Cathode for Neutral Zinc–Air Batteries by the Photothermal Effect

Carbon paper (SGL Carbon Sigracet 22BB) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

29. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Efficient and stable formaldehyde-polyoxometalate battery for dual-decoupled hydrogen production

Firstly, the surface of the Cu foam (1 × 1 cm2, Sci Materials Hub Co.) was oxidized into Cu(OH)2 nanowires (denoted as sample Cu(OH)2 NWs/Cu foam) by (NH4)2S2O8 (0.13 M) in 2.67 M NaOH aqueous solution for 30 min at room temperature.

30. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Controlled deposition of trimetallic Fe–Ni–V oxides on nickel foam as high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

Nickel foam (95–98% porosity, 40 pores/cm), manufactured by SCI Materials Hub, was employed for catalyst fabrication.

31. Journal of Alloys and Compounds Cobalt-doping mediated low-valence Rh centers in rhodium sulfide superconductor for improved electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Carbon fiber paper (Spectracarb 2050 A, thickness of 10μm, density of 0.50 g cm−3) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

32. J. Mater. Chem. A Promoted surface reconstruction of amorphous nickel boride electrocatalysts by boron dissolution for boosting oxygen evolution reaction

The ink was also sprayed onto a 1.5 mm-thick Ni foam substrate (SCI Materials Hub, China).

33. Advanced Energy Materials Surface Reconstruction Activates Non-Noble Metal Cathode for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer

34. J. Mater. Chem. A Multimetallic layered double hydroxides as efficient and durable oxygen evolution catalysts for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis at high current densities

35. Nano Research Hierarchical NiFe LDH/N-doped Co/nickel foam as highly active oxygen evolution reaction electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

Commercial PtRu/C and RuO2 were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

36. J. Mater. Chem. A Ga doping Enhances Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance and stability of NiFe layered double hydroxides

Nickel Foam (NF) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub (99.9%,bore diameter 200-250um, thickness 0.3mm).

37. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Optimizing CoFe2O4 coatings on nickel foam via Aerosol-Assisted CVD for superior electrochemical oxygen evolution Catalysis

To fabricate the catalyst, we used nickel foam (95–98 % porosity, with 40 pores/cm) produced by SCI Materials Hub

燃料电池

1. Polymer Sub-two-micron ultrathin proton exchange membrane with reinforced mechanical strength

Gas diffusion electrode (60% Pt/C, Carbon paper) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Polymer Development of rigid side-chain poly(ether sulfone)s based anion exchange membrane with multiple annular quaternary ammonium ion groups for fuel cells

Fumion FAA-3-solut-10 was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Power Sources Boosting the power density of the H3PO4/polybenzimidazole high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell to >1.2 W cm^-2 via the deposition of acid-based polymer layers on the catalyst layers

PBI resin (molecular weight: 60000, SCI Materials Hub), carbon paper 39BB (SGL Carbon), 70 wt% Pt/C (TANAKA) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

4. SSRN Bulky and Rigid Spiro-Adamantane-Fluorene Unit Promoted Microphase Separation in Di-Cation Side Chain Grafted Anion Exchange Membrane

Fumasep FAA-3-20 was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

5. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. Vanadium-Mediated High Areal Capacity Zinc–Manganese Redox Flow Battery

Zinc plate (thickness 1 mm), copper foam (thickness 1.5 mm), and Ketjenblack (KB) EC-600JD were procured from SCI materials hub.

6. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. Investigation of Pd2B- and NiB-Doped Pd–Ni/C Electrocatalysts with High Activity for Methanol Oxidation

Nafion solution (5 wt %, DuPont) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. Chemical Engineering Journal Loosened Hydrophobic Microphase to Facilitate Ion Channel Formation in Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications

Fumasep FAA-3-20 was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Energy Conversion and Management: X Amplified impact of contact uniformity on the performance of low-catalyst-loading fuel cells

Commercial Pt/C (weight ratio of Pt, 5 %), commercial Pt/C (weight ratio of Pt, 10 %), carbon black (Ketjenblack EC-300 J), the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) reinforced proton exchange membranes (PEM) (manufactured by GORE), and GDL were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

9. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Lignin-Derived Sustainable Cationic Polymers for Efficient High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Poly-2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole (PBI, Figure 1a) [(MW)RU ∼ 308 g/mol, Mw ∼ 60,000 g/mol, Tg ∼ 427 °C] was purchased from SCI Materials Hub (China).

10. Journal of Energy StorageAnion-type solvation structure enables stable zinc‑iodine flow batteries

The Nafion 115 produced by Dupont was purchased from SCI Materials Hub and pretreated by the standard acid boiling procedure.

催化-ORR

1. J. Chem. Eng. Superior Efficiency Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Acidic Media through Epoxy Group Adjacent to Co-O/C Active Centers on Carbon Black

In this paper, Vulcan XC 72 carbon black, ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL), Nafion solution (Nafion D520, 5 wt%), and carbon paper (AvCarb GDS 2230 and Spectracarb 2050A-1050) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Gaining insight into the impact of electronic property and interface electrostatic field on ORR kinetics in alloy engineering via theoretical prognostication and experimental validation

The 20 wt% Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub. This work places emphasis on the kinetics of the ORR concerning Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) catalysts, and integrates theoretical prognostication and experimental validation to illuminate the fundamental principles of alloy engineering.

3. Catalysis Solution-Phase Synthesis of Co-N-C Catalysts Using Alkali Metals-Induced N-C Templates with Metal Vacancy-Nx sites

In this paper, PtRu-C (60 % PtRu (3.5nm) on High Surface Area Carbon, Pt:Ru = 1:1, SCI Materials Hub), an alkaline dispersion (PiperION-A5-HCO3-EtOH, 5 wt.%, SCI Materials Hub), anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A type-HCO3, SCI Materials Hub) were used as received.

4. Green Chemistry Low Cell Voltage Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

The proton exchange membranes (Nafion-117, 211, and 212) were from SCI Materials Hub. They were pre-treated by 5 v/v% H₂O₂ solution for 1 h at 80°C and then treated by 10 v/v% H2SO4 aqueous solution for 1 h at 80°C before assembling to flow cell reactor.

5. Chemosphere Sustainable H2O2 production in a floating dual-cathode electro-Fenton system for efficient decontamination of organic pollutants

Ketogen black (EC-600JD) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Journal of Materials Science Carbon dot intercalated MXene with an excellent oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalytic performance

Nafion (5 wt%) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub (Nafion D520).

7. Nature Commuinications Precisely designing asymmetrical selenium-based dual-atom sites for efficient oxygen reduction

Vulcan XC-72R carbon black (CAS No.: 1333-86-4, SCI Materials Hub).

电容器

1. Journal of Energy Storage Unraveling the detrimental crosstalk between cathode and anode in the aqueous asymmetric capacitor of activated carbon /copper oxide

In this paper, Fumasep FAA-3-50 anion exchange membrane (Thickness 50 μm, surface resistance 0.6–1.5 Ω cm−2, transference number 92–96 %) was bought from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Composites Science and Technology High modulus carbon fiber based composite structural supercapacitors towards reducing internal resistance and improving multifunctional performance

The aluminium tape (Wuhu Eryi Materials Co. LTD) were used as the current collectors.

Note: Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co. is a company hold by SCI Materials Hub.

3. Polymer One-pot synthesis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based gel polymer electrolytes for high-performance supercapacitors

Carbon cloth (CeTech W0S1011) was sourced from SCI Materials Hub.

4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Green Polymer Derived Multifunctional Layer Achieving Oriented Diffusion and Controllable Deposition of Zn2+ for Ultra-Durable Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

Zn foil (99.99%) and Copper foil (99.99%) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

催化加氢

1. Nature Communications Electrosynthesis of polymer-grade ethylene via acetylene semihydrogenation over undercoordinated Cu nanodots

In this paper, activated carbon (Vulcan XC-72) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy Spatial-confined effect of CuOx microneedles bundles on TiO2 nanotubes: Reinforcing the adsorption and enrichment of ultralow concentration nitrate for efficient NH3 electrosynthesis

Ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL) was purchased form Sci Materials Hub.

3. Nature Communications Electrosynthesis of NH3 from NO with ampere-level current density in a pressurized electrolyzer

The anion exchange membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130, 130 μm) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

4. Sustainable Energy Fuels Dibenzyl ether-guided microstructural regulation of PtIrZn catalysts for ammonia electrocatalysis

水处理

1. Water Research Electro-peroxone with solid polymer electrolytes: A novel system for degradation of plasticizers in natural effluents

In this paper, Nafion® N324 (SCI Materials Hub), between a 15 cm2 (3 cm × 5 cm) graphite plate anode and a graphite felt cathode (EP-SPE system)

表征

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Electrochemical reconstitution of Prussian blue analogue for coupling furfural electro-oxidation with photo-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction

An Au nanoparticle film was deposited on the total reflecting plane of a single reflection ATR crystal (SCI Materials Hub, Wuhu, China) via sputter coater.

理论计算

1. Sustainable Energy & Fuels A desulfurization fuel cell with alkali and sulfuric acid byproducts: a prototype and a model

A Fumasep®FKD-PK-75 membrane was used as the cation exchange membrane, in which the the oxygen permeability of membrane was about 1 cm³(STP)/(s cm² cm Hg) [Ref. SCI Materials Hub]

器件

1. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Preparation and application of electrical conductive composites with skin temperature-triggered attachable and on-demand detachable adhesion

Carbon black (CB, Ketjenblack EC 600JD) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Conducting Polymer Composites Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Lead Ion Based on Bi-Mof/Conducting Polymer Composites

Nafion D520 Dispersion (Alcohol based 1000 EW at 5wt%) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

材料合成

1. Acta Materialia In situ epitaxial thickening of wafer-scale, highly oriented nanotwinned Ag on tailored polycrystalline Cu substrates

Single-crystal Cu (1 cm × 1 cm) substrates with a (111) orientation were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of The Electrochemical Society One-Pot Electrodeposition of a PANI:PSS/MWCNT Nanocomposite on Carbon Paper for Scalable Determination of Ascorbic Acid

Raw carbon paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub

催化降解

1. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Conversion of CoNiFe-LDH to CoNiFe-MOF/LDH as catalyst for efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics

The hydrophobic microporous laminated carbon paper (HML-CP) (2 cm × 2.5 cm) was chosen as a cathode and fabricated by Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co. (Anhui, China).

Note: Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co. is a company hold by SCI Materials Hub.

催化电解

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Modulation of energy barrier of reaction steps over S-doped Ni(OH)2/Cu composites to achieve high-performance urea electrolysis catalysts

Commercial Pt/C (20 wt%) was purchased from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., LTD.

Note: Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co. is a company hold by SCI Materials Hub.

2. Chemical Engineering Journal Efficient Catalysis for Acidic Methanol Oxidation: Exploration of a Low-Platinum Quaternary Alloy Catalyst Via a Two-Step Method

Nafion (5%) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

环 境

1. Journal of Materials Research and TechnologyTribocorrosion performance of TC4 anodized/carbon fiber composite in marine environment

Carbon fiber cloth WOS1011H(M) purchased from Wuhu Eryi Materials Technology Co.

Note: Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co. is a company hold by SCI Materials Hub.

2. Adv. Funct. Mater. Modulating NFO@N-MWCNTs/CC Interfaces to Construct Multilevel Synergistic Sites (Ni/Fe-O-N-C) for Multi-Heavy Metal Ions Sensing

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) was acquired from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn).

热 电

1. Chemical Engineering Journal High power density charging-free thermally regenerative electrochemical flow cycle for low-temperature thermoelectric conversion

The heat exchangers are composed of 20 μm thick titanium foil (SCI Materials Hub), 1 mm thick rubber gasket and 2 cm thick organic glass from the inside to the outside.

其 它

1. Ceramics International Superhydrophobic carbon fiber composite coatings based on TC4 titanium alloy for improving corrosion resistance

Carbon fiber cloth was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Electrochimica Acta Integrated electrochemically assisted absorbers for the removal of Carbon dioxide

39 BB carbon paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Hazardous Materials Chain assembly of Rhodococcus bacteria with O-doped g-C3N4 for photocatalysis mediated high-performance partial nitrification: From nitrite resource evolution to device application

Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130, diameter 30 mm, was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

4. Nature Communications High selectivity framework polymer membranes chemically tuned towards fast anion conduction

Sustainion® X37-50 Grade RT membrane was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, and was pretreated by soaking in 1 M KOH for 24 h according to a reported procedure.